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Palden Thondup NamgyalPublished: 1982 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan, United States
Palden Thondup Namgyal was the twelfth and last Chogyal of Sikkim, the Himalayan monarch who reigned over the final chapter of a Buddhist kingdom that had endured for more than three centuries. Trained from childhood as a Buddhist monk and recognized as the reincarnated leader of the Phodong and Rumtek monasteries, he championed the preservation of Sikkimese Buddhism and helped establish the Namgyal Institute of Tibetology in Gangtok, while pursuing an ambitious program of modernization in education, healthcare, and infrastructure and striving to safeguard his kingdom's independence between the great powers of India and China. That struggle ended in 1975 when Indian troops disarmed his palace guard and a referendum dissolved the monarchy, absorbing Sikkim as the twenty-second state of India, and he died in 1982 as the last sovereign of a Himalayan kingdom whose dynasty had ruled since 1642.